Anthurium Start PageContentsAnthurium alatipedunculatum

Anthurium acutangulum Engl.,

Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 25: 371. 1898. TYPE: Costa Rica. San José: near San José, 1,200 m., Tonduz 10360 (B, hololectotype; CR, isolectolype; designated Croat & Baker, 1979).
Anthurium porschianum K. Krause, Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 46: 231. 1932. TYPE: Costa Rica. Lim—n Prov.: La Castilla-Los Negritos, 12 km from the mouth of the Río Rcventa^on, 20 m, Cufondontis 611 (W, holotype; B, isotype).

Epiphyte or rarely terrestrial; roots numerous; cataphylls subcoriaceous, 2.5-5(11) cm long, acuminate (the acumen apiculate), drying tan to light brown, persisting as linear fibers.

LEAVES erect to spreading; petioles narrowly sulcate, rounded to sometimes 1 -ribbed abaxially, 3-22 cm long, 4-7 mm diam.; geniculum 1-1.5 cm long; blades elliptic to narrowly obovate, subcoriaceous, short-acuminate at apex, acute to obtuse at base, 15-34 cm long, 5-14 cm wide, broadest at middle or slightly above, both surfaces semiglossy, the lower surface punctate; midrib convexly raised above and below; primary lateral veins 8-10 per side, departing midrib at 55°-60° angle, ± straight to collective vein, loop-connected from base; collective vein rising from base, sunken on upper surface, 3-8 mm from margin.

INFLORESCENCE spreading to pendent, equal to or longer than leaves; peduncle 12-61 cm long, 4-4.5 mm diam., terete or strongly ribbed abaxially, sometimes 3-ribbed adaxially, rarely 4-6 ribbed, the ribs irregularly spaced, tinged with red-violet near base, much longer than petioles; spathe green, tinged with red-violet (B & K Yellow-green 8/10), oblanceo-latc, 7-11.5 cm long, 1.2-1.5 cm wide, broadest at base, inserted at 40° angle on peduncle, sometimes slightly twisted; stipe 6-7 mm long in front, 2-3 mm long in back; spadix yellow-green (B & K Yellow-green 6/7.5), 8.5-21 cm long, 4-6 mm diam. at base, 3-4 mm diam. at apex; flowers rhombic, 4.2-6 mm long, 2.5-3.5 mm wide, the sides ± straight; ca. 5 flowers visible in the principal spiral and ca. 4-6 flowers visible in the alternate spiral; tepals glossy, weakly punctate, papillate; lateral tepals 3-3.3 mm wide, the inner margins straight and flat; pistils emergent, green; stigma brushlike with droplets, dry and brown as stamens emerge; stamens emerging rapidly from base or middle, the first lateral stamens emerging at apex as third and fourth emerge at base, exserted on transparent filaments, 0.3-0.5 mm long, 0.7-1 mm wide, retracting and holding anthers at sides of pistil, not contiguous; anthers creamy white, 0.5 mm long, 0.7-0.8 mm wide; thecae ellipsoid, divaricate; pollen white, abundant.

INFRUCTESCENCE pendent; berries pale orange, ± obovoid, ca. 5 mm long. Figs. 2 and 3.

The species is known from Honduras (La Mosquitia) to Panama from sea level to 1,400 m. It is found only on the Atlantic slope in Honduras and Nicaragua, but on both slopes in Costa Rica and Panama. In Panama it occurs on the Pacific slope near the Continental Divide. Anthurium acutangulum is known from welter parts of tropical moist, premontane wet, and tropical wet forest.
Anthurium acutangulum is recognized by its long-petiolate, more or less elliptic, glandular-punctate leaves, which are abruptly acuminate at apex; its slender, pendulous inflorescence; its peduncle and spathe that are usually tinged red-violet, and its pale orange berries.
This species is a typical member of section Porphyrochitonium despite its erroneous placement in section Leptanthurium by Engler (1905). The species is most easily confused with smaller specimens of A. ramonense but that species has a much stouter peduncle and the inflorescence is either held semierect or, if it is pendent, it is held stiffly downward and outward, not hanging loosely as in the case of A. acutangulum. In addition, the pistils of A. ramonense are not at all raised, the exposed portion being markedly squared and violet-purple. In A. acutangulum the pistils are green, appear somewhat rounded, and are promptly raised well above the tepals, giving the spadix a weakly knobby appearance.

 

Map of Mesoamerican specimens with coordinates

Costa Rica Alajuela:, , Thomas B. Croat 36481 (MO).
Costa Rica Alajuela: Santa María National Park,, , Liesner 5130 (MO).
Costa Rica Alajuela:, , Thomas B. Croat 43581 (MO).
Costa Rica Alajuela: 350 m, 10.58N 85.20W, 1 April 1988, Gerardo Herrera 1664 (MO).
Costa Rica Alajuela: 600 m, 10.43.30N 85.00.30W, 12 July 1988, Gerardo Herrera 2073 (MO).
Costa Rica Alajuela: 820 m, 10.19N 84.43W, 23 March 1988, William Haber & Erick Bello 8303 (MO).
Costa Rica Alajuela: R.B. Monteverde; Cordillera de Tilarán, 820 m, 10.19N 84.43W, 2 October 1990, Erick Bello 2439 (CR).
Costa Rica Alajuela: P.N. Guanacaste, 550 m, 10.52.50N 85.24.05W, 3 Apr 1995, Chinchilla, M. 85 (INB).
Costa Rica Cartago: Río Tuís,, , Tonduz 8217 (BR).
Costa Rica Cartago: 700 m, 9.48N 83.42W, 16-17 April 1983, Ronald Liesner 14307 (MO).
Costa Rica Guanacaste: La Tejona, 600-700 m,, 25 Jan 1926, Standley & Valerio 46065 (US).
Costa Rica Guanacaste:, , Standley & Valerio 46028 (US).
Costa Rica Guanacaste: 700 m, 10.59.26N 85.25.40W, 21 May 1990, I INBio G. Herrera & II Curso de Parataxónomos 207 (MO).
Costa Rica Guanacaste: 600 m, 10.45N 85.18W, 8 March 1988, Gerardo Herrera 1615 (MO).
Costa Rica Guanacaste: 600 m, 10.45N 85.18W, 8 March 1988, Gerardo Herrera 1619 (MO).
Costa Rica Guanacaste: Monteverde, 1100 m, 10.25N 84.53W, 9 Sep 1987, Haber & Bello 7483 (CR).
Costa Rica Heredia: 80-110 m, 10.27.30N 84.04.00W, 4 July 1985, Michael Grayum & Barry Hammel 5540 (MO).
Costa Rica Heredia: 50 m, 10.26.00N 84.01.00W, 30 August 1996, Thomas B. Croat 78738 (MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: Reserva Indigena Talamanca, 650 m, 9.23.30N 82.57.50W, 9 July 1989, Abelardo Chacón 144 (CR, MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: 280 m, 10.02N 83.25W, 6 September 1988, Michael Grayum, Gerardo Herrera & Rafael Robles 8840 (MO). Costa Rica Lim—n: 5 m, 09.38N 82.39W, 2 Nov 1984, Michael Grayum & Willie Burton 4321 (MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: 80-160 m, 10.06.00N 83.28.30W, 4 Oct 1986, Michael H. Grayum, Nelson Zamora & José Berrocal 7686 (MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: 0 m, 09.36.00N 82.36.30W, 27 January 1987, Michael Grayum, Bill McLarney & Fred Field 8020 (MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: 850 m, 9.47.50N 83.05.30W, 9 April 1989, Gerardo Herrera 2574 (MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n:, , Thomas B. Croat 43340 (MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: Parque Nacional Tortuguero, 2 m, 10.32.30N 83.30.20W, 18 Oct 1989, Solano 16 (MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: 550 m, 9.25.15N 82.59.00W, 20 July 1989, Gerardo Herrera 3314 (CR, MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: 2 m, 10.32.20N 83.30.20W, 18 October 1989, José Solano 16 (MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: 80 m, 10.31N 83.30W, 22 December 1987, Rafael Robles 1478 (MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: 3 m, 10.31N 83.30W, 4 November 1988, Rafael Robles 2165 (MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: 0 m, 10.31N 83.30W, 23 December 1987, Rafael Robles 1489 (MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: 2 m, 10.31N 83.30W, 1 December 1987, Rafael Robles 1402 (MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: 100 m, 10.24N 83.33W, 11 August 1988, Rafael Robles Gerardo Herrera & Luis Flores 1997 (MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: 40 m, 10.25N 83.34W, 25 October 1987, Rafael Robles 1131 (MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: 100 m, 10.24N 83.33W, 11 August 1988, Rafael Robles Gerardo Herrera & Luis Flores 2005 (MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: 4 m, 10.31N 83.30W, 27 November 1987, Rafael Robles 1360 (MO). Costa Rica San José:, , Pittier 3868 (BR).
Costa Rica San José: San José, 1200 m,, , Pittier & Durand 10360 (B).
Costa Rica San José: 500-700 m, 10.10N 83.57W, 13 Jun 1987, B. Hammel I. Chacón 16032 (MO).
Costa Rica San José: 1100-1200 m, 09.33.30N 84.03.15W, 5 September 1996, Thomas B. Croat 78907 (MO).
Honduras :, 1982, Blackmore & Heath 2126 (BM).
Honduras :, 1982, Blackmore & Heath 2123 (BM).
Honduras Gracias a Dios: Río Platano,, , Clewell & Cruz 4121 (MO).
Nicaragua Jinotega: 300 - 452 m, 14.33N 085.07W, 8 septiembre 1997, Ricardo Rueda & Indiana Coronado 7285 (MO).
Nicaragua Jinotega: 200 - 500 m, 13.59N 085.19W, 17 febrero 1998, Ricardo Rueda 7833 (MO).
Nicaragua Jinotega: 300 m, 13.59N 085.19W, 19 febrero 1998, Ricardo Rueda & Indiana Coronado 7906 (MO).
Nicaragua Matagalpa: Cerro Musun, 800-1200 m,, 14 May 1980, Araquistain, M. & Moreno, P. 2515 (MO).
Nicaragua Matagalpa: Cerro Musun, 200-500 m, 13.00-01N 85.14W, 15 May 1980, Araquistain, M. & Moreno, P. 2648 (MO).
Nicaragua Matagalpa: Cerro Musun, 200-500 m, 13.00-01N 85.14W, 16 May 1980, Araquistain, M. & Moreno, P. 2770 (MO).
Nicaragua Matagalpa: 600 m, 13.15N 85.35W, 13 septiembre 1982, Pedro P. Moreno 17196 (MO).
Nicaragua Río San Juan: 40-60 m, 11.14N 84.26W, 30 Nov-2 Dec 1984, Warren Douglas Stevens 23443 (MO).
Nicaragua Río San Juan:, , Neill 3422 (MO).
Nicaragua Río San Juan: 50-200 m, 10.45N 84.01W, 10 Julio 1994, Ricardo Rueda, Blas Hernández y Edith Palma 1907 (MO).
Nicaragua Río San Juan: 10.51N 083.46W, 2 Agosto 1996, Ricardo Rueda, Indiana Coronado y Norlan Tercero 4842 (MO).
Nicaragua Río San Juan: 100 m, 11.01N 084.14W, 2 Enero 1997, Ricardo Rueda, Indiana Coronado, Oscar Aráuz & Franklin Flores 5238 (MO).
Nicaragua Río San Juan: 11.04N 083.44W, 4 Agosto 1996, Ricardo Rueda, Indiana Coronado y Norlan Tercero 4933 (MO).
Nicaragua Río San Juan: 100 - 250 m, 11.01N 084.13W, 5 Enero 1997, Ricardo Rueda, Indiana Coronado, Oscar Aráuz & Franklin Flores 5385 (MO).
Nicaragua Río San Juan: 11.05N 084.15W, 13 Febrero 1997, Ricardo Rueda, Indiana Coronado, Oscar Aráruz & Franklin Flores 5718 (MO).
Nicaragua Río San Juan: 11.07N 084.12W, 15 Febrero 1997, Ricardo Rueda, Indiana Coronado, Oscar Aráuz & Franklin Flores 5836 (MO).
Nicaragua Río San Juan: 250 m, 11.01N 084.12W, 9 Enero 1997, Ricardo Rueda, Indiana Coronado, Oscar Aráuz & Franklin Flores 5602 (MO).
Nicaragua Río San Juan: 11.07N 084.13W, 16 Febrero 1997, Ricardo Rueda, Indiana Coronado, Oscar Aráuz & Franklin Flores 5900 (MO).
Nicaragua Río San Juan: 11.08N 084.12W, 17 Febrero 1997, Ricardo Rueda, Indiana Coronado, Oscar Aráuz & Franklin Flores 5940 (MO).
Nicaragua Río San Juan: 11.09N 084.11W, 17 Febrero 1997, Ricardo Rueda, Indiana Coronado, Oscar Aráuz & Franklin Flores 5967 (MO).
Nicaragua Río San Juan: 11.09N 084.11W, 19 Febrero 1997, Ricardo Rueda, Indiana Coronado, Oscar Aráuz & Franklin Flores 6073 (MO).
Nicaragua Río San Juan: 11.09N 084.10W, 10 Junio 1997, Ricardo Rueda, Indiana Coronado, Oscar Aráuz & Franklin Flores 6161 (MO).
Nicaragua Río San Juan: 11.09N 084.10W, 10 Junio 1997, Ricardo Rueda, Indiana Coronado, Oscar Aráuz & Franklin Flores 6198 .
Nicaragua Río San Juan: 11.09N 084.10W, 10 Junio 1997, Ricardo Rueda, Indiana Coronado, Oscar Aráuz & Franklin Flores 6203 .
Nicaragua Río San Juan: 10.55.00N 084.19.50W, 28 julio 1998, Ricardo Rueda, Indiana Coronado & Walter Velasquez 8289 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: 25 m, 13.32N 84.30W, 4 Jul 1982, Warren Douglas Stevens 21705 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: 13.30.20N 84.45.25W, 28 Octubre 1982, A. Grijalva & F. Burgos 1724 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya:, , Stevans 6976 (MO). Nicaragua Zelaya: Cerro El Inocente,, , Stevans 6804 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya:, , Stevans 8862 (MO). Nicaragua Zelaya: Río Kama,, , Proctor et al. 26993 (LL, NY).
Nicaragua Zelaya: Cerro Saslaya,, , Neill 1875 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: 180-200 m, 11.40N 84.26W, 11-12 February 1978, W.D. Stevens 6309A (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya:, , Vincelli 167 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya:, , Neill & Atwood AN 226 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: 50-150 m, 14.39N 84.04W 14.42N 84.11W, 17 Apr. 1978, W.D. Stevens 7557 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya:, , Neill 4347 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya:, , Stevans 8335 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya:, , Stevans 8412 (MO). Nicaragua Zelaya:, , Stevans 8506 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya:, , Stevans 8645 (MO). Nicaragua Zelaya:, , Neill 4111 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: 15-25 m, 11.57N 84.17W, 17 May 1978, W.D. Stevens 8947 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: 100-200 m, 13.36N 85.05W, 18 March 1978, W.D. Stevens 7523 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: 40-60 m, 14.41N 84.03W, 18 Apr. 1978, Stevens 7608 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: 8-10 m, 13.29N 84.13W, 26 Apr. 1978, W.D. Stevens 8253 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: Cerro Baka, 200-320 m, 13.40N 84.30W, 19 Mar. 1979, Pipoly, J. 4958 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: Risco de Oro, 40 m,, 22 Mar. 1979, Pipoly, J. 5018 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: Cerro Waylawas, 200-225 m, 13.38N 84.49W, 10 Mar. 1979, Pipoly, J. 4246 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: Cerro La Pimienta, 800-1000 m, 13.44N 84.59W, 16 Apr 1979, Grijalva, A. 437 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: Cerro El Hormiguero, 900-1000 m, 13.44N 84.59W, 18 Apr 1979, Grijalva, A. 494 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: Cerro la Pimienta, 900-980 m, 13.45N 84.59W, 13 Apr. 1979, Pipoly, J. 5117 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: Mina Nueva America,, 22 Apr. 1979, Pipoly, J. 5315 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: 200 m, 14.40N 84.07W, 02 Mar. 1979, Pipoly, J. 3744 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: Col—nia Yolaina, 300 m, 11.38N 84.21W, 13 Aug. 1982, Araquistain, M. 3120 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: Col—nia Yolaina, 300 m, 11.38N 84.21W, 13 Aug. 1982, Araquistain, M. 3124 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: Cano El Hormiguero, 750-800 m, 13.46N 84.59W, 14 Mar. 1980, Pipoly, J. 5907 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: 200 m, 14.40N 84.07W, 02 Mar. 1979, Pipoly, J. 3804 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: 800-1000 m, 13.45N 84.59W, 15 Mar. 1980, Pipoly, J. 5980 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: El Ocote, 100 m,, 28 Dec. 1982, Ortiz, F. 513 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: Cano El Hormiguero, 750-800 m, 13.46N 84.59W, 17 Mar. 1980, Pipoly, J. 6118 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: Kururia, 50 m, 14.41N 84.04W, 03 Mar. 1979, Pipoly, J. 3972 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: Cerro Waylawas, 80 m, 13.39N 84.49W, 11 Mar. 1979, Pipoly, J. 4364 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: Wani, 0-100 m, 13.42N 84.50W, 16 Mar. 1979, Pipoly, J. 4766 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: Cerro Baka, 200-320 m, 13.40N 84.30W, 18 Mar. 1979, Pipoly, J. 4853 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: 10 m, 11.35N 83.42W, 25 octubre 1981, P.P.Moreno 12369 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: 10 m, 11.35N 83.51W, 5 febrero 1982, Pedro P. Moreno 14845 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: 280 m, 13.38N 85.00W, 28 febrero 1983, Pedro P. Moreno y W. Robleto 20924 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: 10 m, 11.33N 84.02W, 11 noviembre 1981, P.P.Moreno & J.C.Sandino 12811 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: 80-100 m, 13.08N 84.55W, 18-22 marzo 1984, Pedro P. Moreno 23799 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: 700 m, 13.17N 85.24W, 22 diciembre 1982, Pedro P. Moreno 19125 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: 30 m, 12.10N 84.18W, 1 June 1985, Gerrit Davidse, A. Grijalva & M. Sousa 30732 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: 30 m, 12.10N 84.18W, 1 June 1985, Gerrit Davidse, A. Grijalva & M. Sousa 30734 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: Cerro El Ocote, 700 m, 13.38.43N 85.07.06W, abril 1983, F. Ortiz 1109 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya:, 12 febrero 1985, D. Soza, A. Grijalva, D.Ríos, M.Cisneros y F.Morales 446 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: 200-400 m, 13.46N 84.30W 13.48N 84.32W, 27 Apr. 1978, W.D. Stevens 8335 .
Nicaragua Zelaya: 250-450 m, 13.46N 84.29W 13.48N 84.31W, 27 Apr. 1978, W.D. Stevens 8412 .
Nicaragua Zelaya: 50-100 m, 13.58N 84.12W, 30 Apr. 1978, W.D. Stevens 8506 .
Nicaragua Zelaya: 10 m, 14.06N 83.40W, 2 May 1978, W.D. Stevens 8645 .
Nicaragua Zelaya: 10 m, 11.57N 84.16W, 16 May 1978, W.D. Stevens 8834 .
Nicaragua Zelaya: 10 m, 11.57N 84.16W, 16 May 1978, W.D. Stevens 8862 .
Nicaragua Zelaya: 450 m, 13.43N 085.01W, 14 Abril 1996, Ricardo Rueda, Alfredo Grijalva, Rolando Dolmus, Milton Castrillo y Norlan Tercero 4256 .
Nicaragua Zelaya: 450 m, 13.43N 085.01W, 14 Abril 1996, Ricardo Rueda, Alfredo Grijalva, Rolando Dolmus, Milton Castrillo y Norlan Tercero 4278 .
Nicaragua Zelaya: 250 - 450 m, 13.47N 084.59W, 18 Abril 1996, Ricardo Rueda, Alfredo Grijalva, Rolando Dolmus, Milton Castrillo y Norlan Tercero 4360 .
Nicaragua Zelaya: 100 m, 14.22N 084.37W, 30 Septiembre 1996, A. Grijalva, R. Rueda, R. Dolmus & M. Castrillo 5995 .
Nicaragua Zelaya: 250 - 450 m, 13.47N 084.59W, 18 Abril 1996, Ricardo Rueda, Alfredo Grijalva, Rolando Dolmus, Milton Castrillo y Norlan Tercero 4380 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: 130 - 562 m, 14.22N 084.36W, 2 Octubre 1996, Ricardo Rueda, Alfredo Grijalva, Rolando Dolmus y Milton Castrillo 4992 .
Nicaragua Zelaya: 200-400 m, 12.50N 85.00W 12.55N 85.05W, 13 February 1979, W.D. Stevens 12138 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: 1050-1150 m, 13.46N 85.00W 13.46N 85.01W, 8 March 1978, W.D. Stevens 6717 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: 800-1000 m, 13.45N 85.00W, 9 March 1978, W.D. Stevens 6804 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: 750-850 m, 13.45N 85.00W 13.45N 85.01W, 10-11 March 1978, W.D. Stevens 6976 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: 200 - 350 m, 13.48N 084.24W, 10 julio 1997, Ricardo Rueda & Indiana Coronado 6690 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: 200 - 350 m, 13.48N 084.24W, 10 julio 1997, Ricardo Rueda & Indiana Coronado 6709 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: ca. 25 m, 13.32N 84.30W, 24 February 1979, W.D. Stevens 12734 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: 60 m, 13.35N 84.20W, 24 February 1979, W.D. Stevens 12845 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: 75-100 m, 14.15N 84.36W, 1 March 1979, W.D. Stevens 13077 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: Fortuna Dam Area, 500 m, 8.45N 82.15W, 18 Jan. 1986, Gordon McPherson 8100 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 80 m, 8.50N 82.10W, 9 March 1985, T.B. Croat & M.H. Grayum 60091 (MO).
Panama Col—n: 600-700 m, 9.24N 79.35W, 11 Jan. 1984, H.W. Churchill & G. de Nevers 4244 (MO).
Panama Col—n: 370 m, 09.21.15N 79.44.00W, 16 July 1994, Thomas B. Croat & Guanghua Zhu 76951 (MO, WU).
Panama Darien: 700-1400 m, 8.04.5N 77.14.0W, 21 Oct 1987, B. Hammel G. de Nevers, H. Cuadros & H. Herrera 16355 (MO).
Panama Panamá: 350 m, 9.15N 79.00W, 26 Jan. 1986, Gordon McPherson & M. Merello 8149 (MO).
Panama Panamá: 300 m,, , Nee 7916 (AAU, MO, PMA).
Panama San Blas: 200-300 m, 9.20N 79.00W, 13 Feb. 1983, C. Hamilton & H. Stockwell 2943 (MO).
Panama San Blas: 60 m, 9.24N 79.07W, 8 Feb. 1986, Greg de Nevers & H. Herrera 7033 (MO).
Panama San Blas: 30 m, 9.24N 79.24W, 10 Feb. 1986, Greg de Nevers & H. Herrera 7142 (MO).
Panama San Blas: 350 m, 9.19N 78.55W, 11 February 1985, Greg de Nevers & David Cavagnaro 4834 (MO).
Panama San Blas: 30 m, 9.24N 79.24W, 10 Feb. 1986, Greg de Nevers & H. Herrera 7179 (MO).
Panama San Blas: 50 m, 9.24N 79.24W, 16 Dec. 1985, Greg de Nevers, H. Herrera & S. Charnley 6523 (MO).

Map of South American Specimens with coordinates

Colombia Antioquia: Río Anorí Valley, 400-700 m, 07.13N 75.03W, 11 Nov 1974, Denslow 2459 (WIS).
Colombia Antioquia: Carretera Tapón del Darién, 10-20 m,, 28 Dec 1983, Jorge Brand & M. Escobar 796 (JAUM).
Colombia Antioquia: 10 m,, 27 March 1986, E. Renteria et al. 4825 (JAUM).
Colombia Antioquia: Carretera Tapon del Darien, 10-20 m,, 26 Nov. 1983, J. Brand & M. Gonzalez 590 (JAUM).
Colombia Antioquia: Carretera Tapon del Darien, 10-20 m,, 28 June 1983, J. Brand & E. Ascanio 372 (JAUM).
Colombia Choco: Río San Juan, 80-120 m,, 25 June 1983, Forero et al. 9508 (COL, MO).
Colombia Choco: 200 m,, 24 Oct. 1956, R. Romero-Castaneda 6139 (COL).
Colombia Choco: Río San Juan, 5 m, 04.10N 077.10W, Mar. 1979, Forero et al. 4064 (COL).
Colombia Choco: 40 m,, 1 May 1975, Forero et al. 1415 (COL).
Colombia Choco: 400-500 m,, 28 Junio 1988, Dayron Cárdenas 2218 (JAUM).
Colombia Choco: 200-400 m,, 14 Enero 1988, D. Cárdenas 1005 (JAUM).
Colombia Choco: 500-540 m,, 12 Enero 1988, D. Cárdenas 967 (JAUM).
Colombia Choco: 20-100 m,, 14 Oct 1987, D. Cárdenas 664 (JAUM).
Colombia Choco: 10-520 m,, 11 Sept 1987, D. Cárdenas 442 (JAUM).
Colombia Valle del Cauca: Isla de Gorgona, 0 - 120 m,, 1987, Alonso, J. L. Fernandez et al. 7409 (COL).