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Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson

Introduction & Overview

Common and Scientific Names

  • Scientific Name: Amorphophallus paeoniifolius
  • Common Name: "Elephant foot yam" and "Suran"

Quick Facts

  • Origin: Native to tropical Asia
  • Features:  A distinctive plant characterized by its large, dramatic foliage and large edible tuber; it is commonly cultivated for its starchy tubers, which are a food staple in parts of Asia

Taxonomy & Classification

  • Genus: Amorphophallus
  • Botanical Background: Described by Johann Carl Dennstedt in the 18th century, with taxonomist N. Nicolson later refining its classification. It belongs to a genus renowned for its striking inflorescence and its ecological roles in its native environments.

Natural Habitat & Distribution

  • Geographical Range: Native to Southeast Asia, including countries like India, Sri Lanka, and the Philippines; it can also be found in parts of Indonesia and Malaysia
  • Environment: Thriving in tropical climates, this plant is typically found in humid, warm environments with well-draining, fertile soils; it prefers shady, forested areas but can tolerate some sun. It is most often seen at low to mid-elevations in its native habitat

Morphological Characteristics

Leaves

  • large and palmate, resembling an umbrella in shape
  • With dark green color and a glossy texture
  • Can grow up to 2 meters long
  • Their impressive size adds to the plant's ornamental appeal

Inflorescence (Spadix & Spathe)

  • Consists of a large spadix surrounded by a dark purple spathe
  • The flower itself is large, with a potent odor, often likened to rotting meat, which attracts pollinators like carrion beetles and flies

Growth Habit

  • A terrestrial plant that grows from a large tuber
  • Dies back to the ground after flowering and then regrows from the tuber the following year

Cultivation & Care

Light Requirements

  • Thrives in bright, indirect light but can tolerate some direct sunlight
  • In cultivation, providing dappled shade simulates its natural conditions

Watering & Humidity

  • Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged
  • High humidity is essential
  • Regular misting may be needed to maintain ideal conditions
  • During the dormant period, reduce watering

Soil & Potting Mix

  • A well-draining potting mix, such as one made for aroids or a mixture of peat, perlite, and pine bark
  • Ensures the plant’s roots do not rot while maintaining moisture retention

Temperature & Fertilizer

  • Between 25-30°C (77-86°F) and can handle occasional cooler temperatures
  • Balanced liquid fertilizer every 4-6 weeks

Propagation Methods

Division and Stem Cuttings

  • Division of the tuber
  • Each piece should contain at least one bud or eye to ensure successful growth

Seeds

  • Less commonly used
  • Seeds must be fresh and can be slow to germinate, requiring consistent warmth and moisture

Common Pests & Diseases

Typical Issues

  • Aphids, scale, and mealybugs
  • Root rot

Treatment Recommendations

  • Organic insecticidal soap or neem oil can be effective for pest control
  • Ensure the plant is in well-drained soil
  • Fungicides may be necessary for severe fungal infections

Notable Traits & Uses

  • The tuber is widely used in Asian cuisine; rich in starch and is typically boiled or fried
  • In traditional medicine, it is believed to have various health benefits, including aiding digestion
  • Unique and large foliage, combined with its exotic inflorescence, makes it a striking ornamental
  • Enthusiasts prize it for both its beauty and the novelty of its unusual flowering

Conservation & Availability

Wild Population Status

  • While not currently listed as endangered, habitat loss in parts of Southeast Asia could impact wild populations
  • Conservation efforts focus on sustainable farming and habitat protection

Market Availability

  • Commonly available in horticultural markets, especially in tropical regions
  • May be harder to find in colder climates, where its cultivation is less common

References & Resources

Further Reading

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