Bucephalandra muluensis (M.Hotta) S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce

• Genus: Bucephalandra
• Botanical Background:  First described by M. Hotta and later revised by S.Y. Wong and P.C. Boyce. The name "muluensis" refers to its native range, particularly near Mount Mulu in Borneo.

• Geographical Range: Endemic to Borneo, specifically in the Malaysian state of Sarawak, where it grows in humid, lowland forests near streams and rivers.
• Environment: Thrives in high humidity, preferring shaded, moisture-rich environments with consistent temperatures ranging from 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F). In its natural habitat, it grows on rocky substrates in slow-moving streams.

Leaves

• Glossy, deep green, with occasional reddish undertones
• Elongated and lance-shaped
• Can grow up to 20 cm long
• Leaf surface is smooth
• Veins are slightly raised

Inflorescence (Spadix & Spathe)

• White to pale yellow spathe surrounding the spadix
• Small and unobtrusive, appearing sporadically

Growth Habit

• Epiphytic or semi-aquatic
• Found clinging to rocks or submerged in water
• Forms small, compact clumps and does not spread aggressively

Light Requirements

• Low to medium light

Watering & Humidity

• Consistent moisture
• High humidity over 60%
• Water should be kept slightly acidic to neutral

Soil & Potting Mix

• A well-draining, porous mix
•  For aquascaping, a mix of aquatic soil or substrate

Temperature & Fertilizer

• Temperatures between 20°C and 30°C
• Fertilize sparingly during the growing season with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer

Division and Stem Cuttings

• Rhizome division or stem cuttings
• Separate the rhizomes or cut a healthy stem and replant in a new pot or substrate

Seeds

• Rarely done due to low germination rates
• Vegetative propagation is preferred
  

Typical Issues

• Spider mites, aphids, and mealybugs
• Root rot

Treatment Recommendations

• Neem oil or insecticidal soap
• Ensure the plant is in a well-drained pot or substrate
• Avoid overwatering

• Unique aesthetic and adaptability to aquascaping environments
• Thrive in terrestrial setups and in low-light aquarium conditions

• Striking leaf texture
• Ability to thrive in submerged or semi-submerged environments

Wild Population Status

• Not yet officially listed as endangered
• Habitat loss due to deforestation in Borneo, threatening its natural population

Market Availability

• Considered a rarer species
• Difficult to find in nurseries or general plant shops
• Available through specialized aquarium and tropical plant retailers