• Genus: Lagenandra
• Botanical Background: Named after botanist William Dalzell, who was active in British India in the mid-19th century. The genus Lagenandra was first established in 1835 and is known for its aquatic habitat preferences.

• Geographical Range: Native to India, Lagenandra toxicaria primarily inhabits the marshes and riverbanks of tropical regions, particularly in the Western Ghats and the surrounding lowlands.
• Environment: Thrives in humid, wet conditions, typically in waterlogged soil or shallow waters. It prefers slightly acidic to neutral soils and requires high humidity and consistent moisture to grow successfully.

Leaves

• Large, broad, and leathery with a glossy finish
• Deep green color
• Can grow up to 30 cm in length
• May display a slight reddish tint on the undersides

Inflorescence (Spadix & Spathe)

• Inflorescence with a spadix surrounded by a greenish spathe

Growth Habit

• Aquatic
• Grows in clumps
• Forms a low-growing mat along the water's edge

Light Requirements

• Bright, indirect light
• Can tolerate moderate shade

Watering & Humidity

• Consistently moist soil or shallow water
• High humidity
• Frequent misting and keep it in a humid environment

Soil & Potting Mix

• A well-draining, slightly acidic to neutral potting mix, such as a peat-based or loamy mix
• If growing in water, it should be planted in a container with drainage holes

Temperature & Fertilizer

• Temperature ranges from 18°C to 28°C (64°F to 82°F)
• Light feeding with a balanced liquid fertilizer during the growing season, typically once a month

Division and Stem Cuttings

• Division of the rhizomes
• New shoots will often emerge near the original plant

Seeds

• Possible to propagate from seed
• Not commonly used in cultivation due to their slower germination rate

Typical Issues

• Aphids, snails, and mealybugs
• Root rot

Treatment Recommendations

• Organic pesticides like neem oil
• Ensure the plant is in well-draining soil
• Reduce watering
• Ensure the water is changed regularly

• Historically used in traditional medicine in parts of India
• It leaves contain compounds that can cause mild poisoning if consumed

• Striking and large leaves
• Unique aquatic growth habit

Wild Population Status

• No significant conservation concerns
• Natural wetland habitats are threatened by human activity

Market Availability

• Not widely available in the market
• Can occasionally be found in specialized aquatic plant nurseries