Pistia stratiotes L.

• Genus: Pistia
• Botanical Background: Described by Linnaeus, water lettuce has long been of interest to botanists, particularly regarding its adaptability and invasive behavior in non-native regions.

• Geographical Range: Native to tropical Africa and Asia, water lettuce has spread to various warm regions worldwide, often thriving in man-made water bodies.
• Environment: Warm, stagnant or slow-moving waters. Prefers nutrient-rich substrates, high humidity, and consistently warm temperatures above 20°C.

Leaves

• Soft, ovate leaves with a thick, waxy texture and bright green coloration
• Form in a rosette pattern and often display a mildly lobed margin.

Inflorescence (Spadix & Spathe)

• Rarely flowers in natural settings
• Small inflorescence features a spadix and a delicate spathe with minimal scent
• Pollination usually occurs through water-mediated processes

Growth Habit

• Entirely aquatic and free-floating
• Develops an extensive rhizome system that supports rapid vegetative reproduction

Light Requirements

• Bright, indirect light
• Can also adapt to partial shade   

  Watering & Humidity

• Requires constant immersion in water
• Maintaining consistent moisture is essential for its growth

Soil & Potting Mix

• When cultivated in water gardens or ponds, a nutrient-rich substrate at the bottom is ideal to support its growth

Temperature & Fertilizer

• Water temperatures between 22°C and 30°C
• Light application of aquatic fertilizer can be beneficial during the growing season

Division

• Division of rhizomes

Stem Cuttings (if applicable)

• Node cuttings

Seeds

• Vegetative reproduction is generally more effective and prevalent

Typical Issues

• Algae overgrowth
• Fungal infections, particularly when the plant is overcrowded

Treatment Recommendations

• Mechanical removal of excess growth
• Careful application of aquatic fungicides or organic remedies

• Providing habitat for small aquatic creatures
• Attractive floating foliage, which adds a unique, tropical aesthetic to ponds and water gardens  

• Assisting in the natural filtration of water by absorbing excess nutrients

Wild Population Status

• In many regions, water lettuce is considered invasive, although its populations remain stable within its native range

Market Availability

• Widely available in the aquarium and water garden trade
• Sale is regulated in areas where it poses an invasive risk