Wolffia elongata Landolt

• Genus: Wolffia
• Botanical Background: Described by Landolt, this species has intrigued botanists due to its extreme miniaturization and its role as a model organism in studies of aquatic plant reproduction and morphology.

• Geographical Range: It is predominantly found in still or slow-moving freshwater environments in subtropical and tropical regions. Its distribution covers parts of the Americas and extends to similar climates globally.
• Environment: Wolffia elongata thrives in calm waters with abundant sunlight. It prefers nutrient-rich waters, where stable temperatures and high humidity support its continuous vegetative growth.

Leaves

• Highly reduced, thallus-like leaf structure

• Performs all typical leaf functions including photosynthesis

• Extremely minute in size, adapted for floating

Inflorescence (Spadix & Spathe)

• Minute, often overlooked flowers with a simple structure

• Lacks a showy spathe

• Pollination mainly occurs through self-pollination

Growth Habit

• Entirely aquatic and free-floating

• Reproduces primarily by budding

• Forms dense colonies that rapidly cover water surfaces

Light Requirements

• Optimal growth under bright, indirect light

• Full sun tolerated in clear, shallow water if overheating is avoided

Watering & Humidity

• Requires clean, still water as it is fully aquatic

• Constant water availability is essential; no soil-based moisture needed

Soil & Potting Mix

• Grown directly in water, not traditional soil

• Suitable for shallow aquatic setups or floating trays in ponds

Temperature & Fertilizer

• Thrives in warm temperatures (20–30°C / 68–86°F)

• Benefits from occasional diluted aquatic fertilizer without encouraging algae growth

Division

• Primarily propagates vegetatively by budding from the parent thallus

• Enables rapid colony expansion under optimal conditions

Stem Cuttings (if applicable)

• Not applicable for this species due to its reduced, thallus-like structure

• No stem or aerial root segments available for traditional cuttings

Seeds

• Seed production is rare in cultivation

• Vegetative propagation is faster and more reliable for spreading

  
  

Typical Issues

• Susceptible to waterborne pathogens, particularly fungal infections

• May occasionally attract small invertebrate grazers

• Poor water quality increases vulnerability

Treatment Recommendations

• Use aquatic-safe fungicides or improve water circulation for fungal issues

• Regular water changes and avoiding overcrowding help prevent problems

• Among the smallest flowering plants, intriguing to botanists and ecologists

• Contributes to nutrient cycling and serves as a bioindicator of water quality

• Rarely used ornamentally, but appreciated in aquatic plant and scientific collections

• Rapid growth and unique structure appeal to enthusiasts of unusual aquatic flora

Wild Population Status

• Wild populations are generally stable in suitable habitats

• Local abundances may decline due to water pollution and habitat alteration

Market Availability

• Relatively uncommon in the ornamental trade

• May be sourced through specialized aquatic plant suppliers or research institutions