Xanthosoma syngoniifolium Rusby

• Genus: Xanthosoma
• Botanical Background: Described by American botanist Henry Hurd Rusby, who worked extensively on South American flora during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

• Geographical Range: Native to parts of tropical South America
• Environment: Inhabits moist, shaded tropical forests where it grows in well-drained, organic-rich soils. Prefers high humidity and stable temperatures.

Leaves

• Ovate to sagittate with lobes that resemble those of Syngonium
• Medium to dark green with a smooth texture

Inflorescence (Spadix & Spathe)

• Inflorescences are typical of the genus, featuring a pale spathe and a cylindrical spadix
• Pollinated by beetles or small insects

Growth Habit

• Terrestrial plant with a tuberous base
• Forms clumps and produces upright or arching petioles

Light Requirements

• Bright, filtered light
• Avoid direct sun to prevent leaf scorching

Watering & Humidity

• Requires regular watering to maintain evenly moist soil
• High humidity (above 60%) supports healthy foliage

Soil & Potting Mix

• Best grown in a rich, well-draining mix that includes compost, coco coir, and perlite or bark

Temperature & Fertilizer

• Ideal temperatures range from 20–30°C (68–86°F)
• Feed monthly with a balanced liquid fertilizer during active growth

Division

• Propagated primarily through division of the tubers
• Ssegment should include a growth bud

Seeds

• Propagation is uncommon
• Not typically used in cultivation

Typical Issues

• Spider mites or aphids in dry environments
• Can be affected by root rot in soggy conditions

Treatment Recommendations

• Use neem oil or insecticidal soap for pests
• Ensure proper drainage and avoid overwatering to prevent rot

• Species epithet “syngoniifolium” refers to its leaves’ resemblance to those of the Syngonium genus, which is more commonly cultivated

• Rare in cultivation, its unique foliage makes it a desirable addition for collectors of unusual tropical aroids

Wild Population Status

• Not assessed by the IUCN
• No immediate threats are currently documented
• Vulnerable to habitat loss

Market Availability

• Rarely available in mainstream horticulture
• Found through specialist growers or botanical institutions