Alvim Seidel Philodendron seeds - questions

From: "Brian A. O'Brien" <bobrien at gac.edu> on 1997.03.11 at 19:37:12(487) Does anyone on the list know whether or not any of the Philodendron species listed by Alvim Seidel (seeds) are (1) small enough for terrarium or Wardian case growing or (2) fairly xerophytic? I presume that giganteum won't do, and know that selloum won't, for the first case, and wonder in particular about saxicolum for the second case. I might be interested in seeds of some species which fit either category. I've copied the list posted by Neil Crafter below. Brian O'Brien +More PHILODENDRON 1000 seeds US$ adamantinum 15 "Angra dos Rios" 16 barryi 25 bipinattifidum 8 colombianum 18 cordatum(oxycardium) 15 crassihyrzum 20 crassinervium 18 eichleri 50 erubescens 15 evansii 25 eximium 40 cymbispathum 20 giganteum 40 grandifolium 40 hastatum 15 imbe 8 lundii 12 mello- barretoanum 35 myrmecophyllum 35 ornatum 20 pittieri 30 pseudoradiatum 30 rubrinervum 15 sagittatum 30 saxicolum 30 selloum 9 selloum var. Sao Paulo 12 selloum var. Uruguay 12 sellowianum 30 speciosum 40 subhastatum 25 tuxla 20 undulatum 35 wendlandii 35 -- Brian A. O'Brien, Department of Chemistry, Gustavus Adolphus College 800 West College Avenue, Saint Peter, Minnesota, U.S.A. 56082 e-mail bobrien@gac.edu tel. (507)933-7310 fax (507)933-7041

From: Eduardo Gomes Goncalves <eggon at guarany.cpd.unb.br> on 1997.03.12 at 21:52:10(491) Dear Brian, If don't want huge species, you better stay far from P. evansii, P. undulatum (= P.eichleri), P. grandifolium, P. ornatum, P. bipinnatifidum (=P. mello-barretoanum, P. lundii and P. selloum), P.giganteum, P. undulatum and P. speciosum (the largest of all). Philodendron adamantinum is a good one if you want xerophytic plants as well as P. saxicolum. P.imbe is somewhat rustic and can support xeric conditions. P. cymbispathum (currently known as P. brasiliense) is an aquatic plant and usually grows along river banks or marshes (so it isn't xerophytic). Hope it helps, Eduardo.

From: Todd Ruth <truth at weber.ucsd.edu> on 1997.03.14 at 19:12:05(499) Giving Alvim Siedel the benefit of the doubt - that they are confident that they have for example 2 different sets of plants, one made up of undulatums and one made up of eichleris, what would give them this impression? I would ask them, but it appears that I can't overcome the language barrier. Do they probably have 2 sets of identical plants and charge $35 for seeds from one group and $50 for seeds from the other? Perhaps one group is actually hybrids? The same question goes for the 6 potential varieties of bipinnatifidum on the list and any other "duplicates". I know Tom Croat is looking into this and a few others mentioned that they were doing homework of some sort - any input anyone? Thanks, Todd +More > Dear Brian, > > If don't want huge species, you better stay far from P. evansii, P. > undulatum (= P.eichleri), P. grandifolium, P. ornatum, P. bipinnatifidum > (=P. mello-barretoanum, P. lundii and P. selloum), P.giganteum, P. > undulatum and P. speciosum (the largest of all). Philodendron adamantinum > is a good one if you want xerophytic plants as well as P. saxicolum. > P.imbe is somewhat rustic and can support xeric conditions. P. > cymbispathum (currently known as P. brasiliense) is an aquatic plant and > usually grows along river banks or marshes (so it isn't xerophytic). > > Hope it helps, > > Eduardo.

From: Eduardo Gomes Goncalves <eggon at guarany.cpd.unb.br> on 1997.03.15 at 02:07:03(501) Dear Todd, We have an interest subject to discuss here... Let me introduce the problem: The Taxonomical point of view can be quite different from the horticultural point of view. In fact, very different things can be joined under a same botanical name. Such synonimization (undulatum=eichlerii, bipinnatifidum=selloum=lundii=melo-barretoanum) has been recently proposed by Simon Mayo (Kew Bull. 46(4):601-681. 1991), but the changes still hasn't reached the horticultural business. Besides, the morphological difference between a typical P. bipinnatifidum and a typical P. selloum is somewhat impressive. Although, we can find lots of intermediary forms in the wild so we can't even outline an acceptable diagnosis to distinguish them as taxonomical units. That doesn't mean that the forms are morphologicaly equal, but such variability allows that the two extreme forms, if taken without the intermediaries, can be assumed as different species (as has already happened in the past). I presume that Alvim Seidel isn't a taxonomist so he isnt up-to-dated. If my mind isn't confused, the so-called Amorphophallus 'black-stem' is an unusual form of the old A. konjac. This is a good example of how two different things to the horticulturist can be the same thing to someone like Wilbert (or any other taxonomist)! There is one more thing. If there is an unusual form of a given species that is rarer than the other(s), in my opinion, is fair to charge a little more for it, even when they have the same botanical name. Sincerely, Eduardo.

From: Hermine Stover <hermine at endangeredspecies.com> on 1997.03.15 at 03:03:38(504) At 08:07 PM 3/14/97 -0600, Eduardo Gomes Goncalves wrote: >Dear Todd, > > We have an interest subject to discuss here... > Let me introduce the problem: The Taxonomical point of view can be >quite different from the horticultural point of view. In fact, very >different things can be joined under a same botanical name. Such >synonimization (undulatum=eichlerii, >bipinnatifidum=selloum=lundii=melo-barretoanum) has been recently proposed >by Simon Mayo (Kew Bull. 46(4):601-681. 1991), but the changes still >hasn't reached the horticultural business. Besides, the morphological >difference between a typical P. bipinnatifidum and a typical P. selloum >is somewhat impressive. Although, we can find lots of intermediary forms >in the wild so we can't even outline an acceptable diagnosis to >distinguish them as taxonomical units. That doesn't mean that the forms >are morphologicaly equal, but such variability allows that the two >extreme forms, if taken without the intermediaries, can be assumed as >different species (as has already happened in the past). I presume that >Alvim Seidel isn't a taxonomist so he isnt up-to-dated. > If my mind isn't confused, the so-called Amorphophallus 'black-stem' >is an unusual form of the old A. konjac. This is a good example of how two >different things to the horticulturist can be the same thing to someone >like Wilbert (or any other taxonomist)! > There is one more thing. If there is an unusual form of a given >species that is rarer than the other(s), in my opinion, is fair to charge >a little more for it, even when they have the same botanical name. > >Sincerely, > >Eduardo. +More > >When I got my order from Seidel in the mid 70's (complete with scorpion) the Sansevierias included were in no way resembling what they were labelled. and they weren't even that rare. I still think such an order as this is good, from the standpoint of pure serendipity. > > > 3 acres of California-grown Bamboo, Palms, Cycads, Sansevierias, Exotics. Visit us at http://www.endangeredspecies.com or (714)544-9505.e-mail to nursery@endangeredspecies.com

From: Eduardo Gomes Goncalves <eggon at guarany.cpd.unb.br> on 1997.03.17 at 01:54:45(506) On Fri, 14 Mar 1997, Hermine Stover wrote: >When I got my order from Seidel in the mid 70's (complete with scorpion) - Wasn't it a spider? Things evolve fast there!!! The problem is that, here in Brazil, we don't like to export only plants... we export the whole ecosystem!!! (Ok, I'm just kidding...) > the Sansevierias included were in no way resembling what they were > labelled. and they weren't even that rare. I still think such an order as > this is good, from the standpoint of pure serendipity. Dear Hermine, I suppose that Brazil isn't the best place to find rare Sansevierias, because they are from Africa and some parts of Asia. But if you want to find out rare Philos, we have lots of them, and it is quite possible to discover a new species almost everywhere. I described a new species (it will be on Kew Bulletin until september) that is practically endemic to an area that is just 2 miles far from my house! If it is possible to meet rare Philos here in Brasilia, where the aroid biodiversity is comparatively low, wonder what Mr. Seidel can get, living along the forests of Southeastern Brazil (one of the main diversity center of such genus in our country). I agree with you that he should sell his plants correctly labelled because he must act professionally. Although, in this case there is a risk of getting a very rare plant paying for just a common plant, and it isn't too bad. It is only my opinion and I'm not endorsing nothing from such nursery. Sincerely, Eduardo.

From: Hermine Stover <hermine at endangeredspecies.com> on 1997.03.17 at 05:07:40(508) At 07:54 PM 3/16/97 -0600, Eduardo Gomes Goncalves wrote: >On Fri, 14 Mar 1997, Hermine Stover wrote: > +More >>When I got my order from Seidel in the mid 70's (complete with scorpion) > >- Wasn't it a spider? Things evolve fast there!!! >The problem is that, here in Brazil, we don't like to export only >plants... we export the whole ecosystem!!! (Ok, I'm just kidding...) > >> the Sansevierias included were in no way resembling what they were >> labelled. and they weren't even that rare. I still think such an order as >> this is good, from the standpoint of pure serendipity. > >Dear Hermine, > >I suppose that Brazil isn't the best place to find rare Sansevierias, >because they are from Africa and some parts of Asia. But if you want to >find out rare Philos, we have lots of them, and it is quite possible to >discover a new species almost everywhere. I described a new species (it >will be on Kew Bulletin until september) that is practically endemic to >an area that is just 2 miles far from my house! If it is possible to meet >rare Philos here in Brasilia, where the aroid biodiversity is >comparatively low, wonder what Mr. Seidel can get, living along the >forests of Southeastern Brazil (one of the main diversity center of such >genus in our country). I agree with you that he should sell his plants >correctly labelled because he must act professionally. Although, >in this case there is a risk of getting a very rare plant paying for >just a common plant, and it isn't too bad. It is only my opinion and I'm not >endorsing nothing from such nursery. > >Sincerely, > >Eduardo. > > No argument from me on that. I gladly would take randomly gathered seed from a new place, esp. one I shall not bie visiting in forseeable future. It was a scorpion, and my only fear was that it could nil a cat or dog in my house. I rather enjoyed it, having no personal fear of them. The interesting thing about the Sansevieria mislabeling is that it is the same as in Exotica and has been there since forever, is there today! > hermine

From: Marie-Eve Charbonneau <charboma at ERE.UMontreal.CA> on 1997.03.19 at 16:58:52(512) I am making plans to order the philodendron seeds at Alvim Seidel,and after visiting the Montreal botanical garden and browsing throught Exotica, I still have some questions and need some help from you, fellow aroiders from the south !: - Is P. speciosum that huge (leaf 2-3 meters ?)(in case I would decide to move to live in a shopping mall or a palace......) - What looks like P. cymbispathum, (the aquatic one), as I have a tub garden in my living room (head-type or vine ? form of the leaves ? height ?) - does P. eichleri has velvety or metallic-looking leaves ? - is there any philodendron in that list having special leaves in terms of colours, texture(blotches,spots,veining, velvety or metallic "finishes") Thank you in advance (merci beaucoup)(muita obrigada)(muchas gracias) Marie-Eve +More references: the list of philos adamantinum "Angra dos Rios" barryi bipinattifidum colombianum cordatum(oxycardium) crassihyrzum crassinervium eichleri erubescens evansii eximium cymbispathum giganteum grandifolium hastatum imbe lundii mello- barretoanum myrmecophyllum ornatum pittieri pseudoradiatum rubrinervum sagittatum saxicolum selloum selloum var. Sao Paulo selloum var. Uruguay sellowianum speciosum subhastatum tuxla undulatum wendlandii Marie-Eve #########################################################################

From: Todd Ruth <truth at weber.ucsd.edu> on 1997.03.20 at 00:29:00(514) Well, I took the previous posts, info. Tom Croat sent me, and everything I could get out of the Sunset Western Garden Book and made an html formatted document. Qualcomm isn't allowing the creation of new web pages right now, so I can't put it up anywhere, put I'll include it at the end of this message. I think it is fairly readable, even though it's filled with tags. If you save this message and cut off the top, you can view the rest with lynx or netscape or whatever. If anyone has any additional info. or corrections to what's here, please let me know! Much thanks to those who have provided info allowing what's here so far! Thanks, Todd +More PS "SWGB zones" listed are quite different from the standard zones. Zones 8 and 9 are the cold-air basins and thermal belts of California's Central valley. Zone 12 is Arizona's Intermediate Desert. Zone 13 is Low Desert - Mildest of Desert Winters. Zone 14 is North. Calif. Inland areas w/ occasional ocean influence. Zones 15 - 19 have typical winter lows of 18 - 25 F and Zones 20 - 24 have typical winter lows of 23 or higher. I can't describe their zones in a few sentences because they involve many factors. Hopefully, that at least gives you some idea of what is meant. All need to start warm and humid. Entries which do not contain a line regarding species name are labelled in agreement with the current practice among taxonomists. SWGB = Sunset Western Gargen Book. This is a great book for the garden, but does not specialize in aroids, so I'd especially like confirmation on anything with SWGB next to it below. I've left obvious misnomers in SWGB notes in place because they concern morphollogical differences. I've heard that the difference between arborescent and self-heading is in the eye of the beholder, but I've included the distinction anyway. adamantinum Cost per 1000 seeds: $15 Size: Medium Notes: Needs strong light. May handle less water "Angra dos Rios" Cost per 1000 seeds: $16 Species name: ??? barryi Cost per 1000 seeds: $25 Species name: Hybrid of bipinnatifidum and selloum (SWGB) Form: Arborescent (SWGB) SWGB zones: 15-24 Notes (SWGB): Big leaves, deeply lobed and cut, with red veins underneath. bipinattifidum Cost per 1000 seeds: $8 Form: Arborescent Size: Large SWGB zones: 15-24 Notes: Can handle strong light. May need limestone powder. Notes (SWGB): Similar to P. selloum, but carries more leaves at a time, and has more deeply and evenly cut leaves with reddish veins. Next to P. selloum, the hardiest for outdoor use. colombianum Cost per 1000 seeds: $18 cordatum(oxycardium) Cost per 1000 seeds: $15 Form: Vining Species name: P. cordatum is a Brazilian species but since he is using the name P. oxycardium in () perhaps it is just what was was untill recently called P. scandens. Size: Small crassihyrzum Cost per 1000 seeds: $20 Species name: ??? crassinervium Cost per 1000 seeds: $18 Size: Small/fragile eichleri Cost per 1000 seeds: $50 Species name: undulatum (Mayo) Form: Arborescent (SWGB) Size: Large SWGB zones: 20-24 Notes: Can handle strong light. May need limestone powder. Notes (SWGB): Giant elephant-ear leaves to 4 ft. or more in length, scalloped and shallowly lobed rather than deeply cut. erubescens Cost per 1000 seeds: $15 Form: Vining (SWGB) Notes (SWGB): Leaves 9 in. long, arrow-shaped, reddish beneath, dark green edged with copper above, on reddish leaf stalks. evansii Cost per 1000 seeds: $25 Species name: Hybrid of bipinnatifidum and speciosum Form: Arborescent (SWGB) Size: Large SWGB zones: 20-24 Notes (SWGB): The elephant-ear lobes are scalloped and ruffled, but not deeply cut. Leaves on mature plants may read 4-5 ft. long. eximium Cost per 1000 seeds: $40 cymbispathum Cost per 1000 seeds: $20 Species name: brasiliense (?) Notes: Aquatic plant usually growing along river banks or marshes giganteum Cost per 1000 seeds: $40 Size: Large grandifolium Cost per 1000 seeds: $40 Size: Large hastatum Cost per 1000 seeds: $15 Form: Vining (SWGB) Notes (SWGB): Fairly fast, open growth. Leaves 1 ft. long, arrow-shaped, rich green. Subject to leaf spot if kept too warm and moist. Plants sold as P. 'Hastatum Rubrum' may be P. erubescens or hybrids of it. imbe Cost per 1000 seeds: $8 Form: Vining (SWGB) Notes: Can handle less water Notes (SWGB): Foot-long, narrow, arrow-shaped leaves held well out from plant horizontally. Rich green above, reddish beneath. lundii Cost per 1000 seeds: $12 Species name: bipinattifidum (Mayo) Size: Large Notes: Can handle strong light. May need limestone powder. Notes (SWGB): Compact variety of selloum. mello-barretoanum Cost per 1000 seeds: $35 Species name: bipinattifidum (Mayo) Size: Large Notes: Can handle strong light. May need limestone powder. myrmecophyllum Cost per 1000 seeds: $35 ornatum Cost per 1000 seeds: $20 Size: Large pittieri Cost per 1000 seeds: $30 Species name: This name is a synonym of P. hederaceum but has long been used erroneously for P. microstictum. pseudoradiatum Cost per 1000 seeds: $30 rubrinervum Cost per 1000 seeds: $15 Species name: ??? sagittatum Cost per 1000 seeds: $30 saxicolum Cost per 1000 seeds: $30 Size: Medium Notes: Needs strong light. May handle less water selloum Cost per 1000 seeds: $9 Species name: bipinattifidum (Mayo) Form: Arborescent Size: Large SWGB zones: 8, 9, 12-24 Notes: Can handle strong light. May need limestone powder. Notes (SWGB): Hardiest of the big-leafed philodendrons used outdoors. Leaves to 3 ft. long, deeply cut. The variety 'Lundii' is more compact. selloum var. Sao Paulo Cost per 1000 seeds: $12 Species name: bipinattifidum (Mayo) Form: Arborescent Size: Large SWGB zones: 20-24 Notes: Can handle strong light. May need limestone powder. Notes (SWGB): Like P. selloum, but with leaf segments more frilled; leaves are flatter, less cupped. selloum var. Uruguay Cost per 1000 seeds: $12 Species name: bipinattifidum (Mayo) Form: Arborescent Size: Large Notes: Can handle strong light. May need limestone powder. sellowianum Cost per 1000 seeds: $30 speciosum Cost per 1000 seeds: $40 Size: Large Notes: May handle cold subhastatum Cost per 1000 seeds: $25 tuxla Cost per 1000 seeds: $20 Species name: ??? undulatum Cost per 1000 seeds: $35 Size: Large Notes: Can handle strong light. May need limestone powder. wendlandii Cost per 1000 seeds: $35 Form: Self-heading Notes (SWGB): Compact clusters of a dozen or more foot-long, broadly lance-shaped leaves of deep green on short, broad stalks.

From: Eduardo Gomes Goncalves <eggon at guarany.cpd.unb.br> on 1997.03.20 at 20:15:04(517) Dear Marie-Eve, Let me try to answer some of your questions. P. speciosum is really huge and its leaves usually can grow up to 1m long in the wild. It is true that some individuals (growing under greenhouse conditions) can have leaves reaching 1.6m long but it is somewhat rare. Well, it is quite different from 2-3m long, but you still need a small palace to grow it indoors! +More P. cymbispathum is rather a self-header plant with a crowd of leaves on the top of the stem, that is erect. The stem looks like a dwarf P. bipinnatifidum and the leaves are sagittate to hastate. It is a synonim of P. brasiliense (that is the currently accepted name) so you can take a look on your Exotica. The whole plant can reach approx. 1.20m long. P. eichleri is a synonim of P. undulatum and the leaves aren't velvety neither metallic-looking. They are dull green. Well, I don't know all species from the Seidel's list (for instance I have never seen P. barryi, P. colombianum, P. rubrinervum, P.pittieri, P. pseudoradiatum and P. tuxla) but the only one I remeber that always have coloured leaves is P. hastatum, with vinaceous cataphyls and petioles. I also think P. ornatum is very attractive with its ornamentated petioles. Hope it helps, Eduardo. On Wed, 19 Mar 1997, Marie-Eve Charbonneau wrote: > I am making plans to order the philodendron seeds at Alvim Seidel,and after > visiting the Montreal botanical garden and browsing throught Exotica, I > still have some questions and need some help from you, fellow aroiders from > the south !: > > - Is P. speciosum that huge (leaf 2-3 meters ?)(in case I would decide to > move to live in a shopping mall or a palace......) > > - What looks like P. cymbispathum, (the aquatic one), as I have a tub garden > in my living room (head-type or vine ? form of the leaves ? height ?) > > - does P. eichleri has velvety or metallic-looking leaves ? > > - is there any philodendron in that list having special leaves in terms of > colours, texture(blotches,spots,veining, velvety or metallic "finishes") > > Thank you in advance (merci beaucoup)(muita obrigada)(muchas gracias) > > Marie-Eve > > > references: the list of philos > > adamantinum "Angra dos Rios" > barryi bipinattifidum > colombianum cordatum(oxycardium) > crassihyrzum crassinervium > eichleri erubescens > evansii eximium > cymbispathum giganteum > grandifolium hastatum > imbe lundii > mello- barretoanum myrmecophyllum > ornatum pittieri > pseudoradiatum rubrinervum > sagittatum saxicolum > selloum selloum var. Sao Paulo > selloum var. Uruguay sellowianum > speciosum subhastatum > tuxla undulatum > wendlandii > Marie-Eve > > > ######################################################################### > > >

From: Eduardo Gomes Goncalves <eggon at guarany.cpd.unb.br> on 1997.03.20 at 21:45:02(518) Dear Todd, Let me add some info about the species I know. P. eximium is a plant from coastal Brazil and inhabit somewhat high elevations (up to 1100m). It seems to preffer wet and shaded places (Marcus Nadruz, pers.comm) and the leaves are cordate and delicate. P.ornatum is a large plant, that ranges from Venezuela to Coastal Brazil. It is found in elevations ranging from 0 to more than 1000m and can be found in montane wet forest, Amazonian forest and even on the 'restinga' (Brazilian vegetation that occurs very near to sea, along the beaches). It is a good evidence that the plant can handle very different habitats and seems to be pretty rustic. P. cordatum is quite different from P. scandens. We have two strong possibilities: Seidel can be selling a mislabelled P. scandens (formerly P. oxycardium), a scandent species with short petioles (up to 10cm long) and cordate leaves without well differentiated basal ribs. He also can be selling the real P. cordatum that is a Brazilian species that also inhabit coastal forests (mainly in the state of Santa Catarina, where Alvim Seidel lives...), but it is larger and rather creeping than scandent. It has well developed basal ribs, leaves oblong-cordate and the petiole can reach up to 60cm long. P. myrmecophilum is a somewhat large species from Amazonian Brazil. It is epiphytic when young (furtherly hemiepyphitic, because it send roots to the soil) and have elongated leaves with nectaries on the petiole, next to the insertion of leaf. P. wendlandii - In my experience with such species, it seems to support dry conditions very well (it has the resin ducts in the petioles filled with a very-hydrated gel and I think it can keep some water inside), but can't handle direct sun. Best wishes, Ed..

From: Greg Hood <ghood at psc.edu> on 1997.03.21 at 04:06:52(519) I searched through some rather general reference books (cited below) that I have and found the following information about some species on the Seidel list. Todd may incorporate some of this into his html file. --Greg +More "Angra dos Rios" 16 AAV: "Looks like a self-heading species, but creeps. Elongated heart- shaped leaves look highly waxed, with prominent midvein." bipinattifidum 8 NGE: "is a short-stemmed species with large divided leaves and a spathe or calla-like flower bract about 8 in. long, reddish-brown on the outside and whitish within." IEG: "from Southern Brazil, has short, erect stem and leaves about 2 ft. long that are twice-lobed and are dark green with prominent veins. This kind grows slowly." cordatum(oxycardium) 15 AAV: "parlor ivy, heart-leaf philodendron -- Best known vine with glossy green leaves four inches long in youth, up to a foot or more with age and good culture. ... It will hang, trail creep, or climb -- but prefers the last." crassinervium 18 AAV: "Creeper with slim, rounded leaves shaped like a turkey feather, rounded and raised midvein dotted with red." erubescens 15 AAV: "Shield-shaped leaves nearly a foot long, green with a coppery sheen, and thinly edged with red; burgundy-lined underneath. It makes new roots with every new joint." IEG: "a native of Colombia, is a free-growing climber that has medium- sized arrow-shaped leaves that have coppery underside." SCH: "Climbing: lvs. elongated ovate-triangular, 6-8 in. long, 4-6 in. wide: spathe black-purple." giganteum 40 IEG: "from the West Indies, is an upright grower with its stem joints close together. The broad ovate-heart-shaped, shining leaves are rich green and have lighter, depressed veins." NGE: "is a climber with leaves to 3 ft. long and 2 ft. wide. The spathe is almost a foot long, purplish outside and red within." grandifolium 40 NGE: "is also a climber, with arrow-shaped leaves 2 ft. or more long, and a yellowish spathe." hastatum 15 AAV: "Florists' favorite totem climber with slim, shield-shaped leaves and raised veins." IEG: "is a Brazilian with bright green, arrow-shaped leaves, a climber." imbe 8 AAV: "Paper-crisp, slender shield leaves with outstanding veins, lined with wine beneath; called the 'most climbing' species." IEG: "is a stout climber from Rio de Janeiro. It has pointed, lance- shaped leaves that are green above and red beneath." pittieri 30 AAV: "Totem-climber with heavy, glossy, heart-shaped leaves lighter- than-usual green. One of the more tolerant types." selloum 9 AAV: "Will grow like the self-heading types, a tree, or a hanging vine. Extra-large deep-green leaves are finely divided into points, then divided again." IEG: "is stemless or has but a short stem. It is a native of Paraguay and Brazil and bears large, long-stalked, deeply lobed, deep green leaves." speciosum 40 SCH: "Stems tall, arborescent: petioles terete at the base, concavo- convex above, twice as long as the midrib; blade triangular- oblong-ovate, bright green, acuminate, deeply sagittate, the basal lobes rhomboidal, obtuse, abruptly narrowed on the inner side above the middle: spathes thick, green with purple margins; spadix finger-shaped, shorter than the spathe. S. Brazil." wendlandii 35 IEG: "a Costa Rican kind, does not climb but forms a `bird's nest' type of plant, with its short-stemmed, paddle-shaped, green leaves spreading upwards and outwards from a common center." AAV: All About Vines and Hanging Plants; Brilmayer, Bernice, 1962. IEG: The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Gardening; Everett, T.H., ed,. 1964. NGE: The New Garden Encyclopedia; Seymour, E.L.D., ed., 1942. SCH: The Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture; Bailey, L.H., 1922.

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