Few groups of Anthurium are restricted to Central America, but one as yet unnamed group possibly deserving sectional status, represented by plants with cordate, glandular- punctate blades, is restricted to Mesoamerica and centered in Mexico. Examples include A. lucidum Standley ex Yuncker, A. chiapasense Standley, and A. verapazense Engler. This group, as well as many other endemic Mexican species, appears to share little in common with other species from other parts of Central America. The Anthurium flora of Costa Rica and Panama, though also highly endemic, at least shows signs of relationships with species from South America. Most of these species occur in groups which are much better represented in the Andes of South America.

The section Polyphyllium , consisting of two scandent species, A. flexile Schott and A. clidemioides Standley, is also restricted to Central America. The group is distinguished by having several internodes between successive flowering internodes and in having roots produced along the internodes (Croat & Baker, 1978).

Another largely Central American group is Section Schizoplacium . This small group, with deeply palmately lobed leaves, is known primarily from Mexico, the West Indies (represented there by A. palmatum (L.) Don) and northern Venezuela (represented by A. longissimum Pittier).

The section Semaeophyllium (deeply tri-lobed blades) is concentrated in southern Central America and in the Andean portion of northern South America. Despite previous work by Madison (1978), the group has a number of new species, especially in South America. A new revision of the section is currently being carried out.

Section Xialophyllium is an unnatural group (Croat & Sheffer, 1983) with at least two elements. One group, with thin, bullate leaves or at least prominently raised tertiary veins, is represented by such species as A. microspadix Schott, A. columbianum Engl. and A. myosuroides  (Kunth) Endl. Another group, with more coriaceous, smooth leaves is represented by such species as A. mindense Sodiro, A. sarmentosa Engl. and A. popayanense Engl.

Other primarily Andean groups are in sectionsXialophyllium , Polyneurium , and Belolonchium . The former ranges from Mexico to Bolivia with the greatest concentration at middle to high elevations in the Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. This group probably contains a number of new species.

Section Polyneurium ranges from Nicaragua to the mountains of western Venezuela and Peru, with greatest concentrations of species in the Andes of Colombia and Ecuador. This group probably includes many new species. It almost certainly includes two disparate groups which will have to be recognized, one represented by A. cuspidatum Master and its allies and the other A. panduriforme Schott and A. corrugatum Sodiro.

Section Belolonchium sensu Schott is almost exclusively Andean, occurring primarily in cloud forests at higher elevations and characterized by the widespread A. pulchrum Engl. which usually is the dominant species at elevations above 1000 m in many parts of Ecuador and Colombia. The section also ranges into western Venezuela (e. g. A. berryi Bunting, A. betanianum Croat, A. ginesii Croat, A. nubicola Bunting, and A. signatum K. Koch & Mathieu). Engler's circumscription of section Belolonchium was much broader and included many species which occur at lower elevations, even at sea level.